BDS-Adam optimizer integrating adaptive variance rectification with semi-adaptive gradient smoothing
In this work, an enhanced variant of the Adam optimizer, termed BDS-Adam, is proposed to address two critical limitations of the original Adam algorithm: biased gradient estimation and training ...
This paper presents an enhanced approach to Minimum Variance Unbiased (MVU) velocity estimation in Heterogeneous-Networks (HetNets) by addressing horizontal and vertical handoffs. In HetNets, the ...
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