Values of this expression for typical published FBBV C values range from 0.10 to 0.25, clearly exceeding the threshold value. A second challenge related to the ultrahigh capacities of these valves is ...

To address the measurement accuracy challenges posed by the internal flow complexity in atypical circular bend pipes with short turning sections and without extended straight pipe segments, this study ...

The paper proposes the full linearization of nonlinear characteristics of flow control valves via variable gear ratio design. The inherent nonlinear function of the normalized valve capacity ...