A contraction is the phase of the business cycle when the economy declines, often with falling real GDP and rising unemployment, moving from peak toward trough (expansion, peak, contraction, trough).

Phase separation is a fundamental principle of cellular organization that typically leads to two coexisting phases: a dense one, where intermolecular interactions are stronger and molecules are more ...

Phase has emerged as an important structural parameter — in addition to composition, morphology, architecture, facet, size and dimensionality — that determines the properties and functionalities of ...