From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Architectural education has always been fundamentally influenced by whichever styles are popular at a given time, but that relationship flows in the opposite direction as well. All styles must ...

This is the second of two essays exploring key theories – cognitive load theory and constructivism – underlying teaching methods used today. Constructivism is an educational philosophy that deems ...

Constructivist approaches in international relations foreground the idea that the structures and behaviours of states and non-state actors emerge from shared ideas, norms and identities rather than ...

Who invented constructivism? The question might once have seemed academic. But in the past decade as art has trended ever more sharply in the direction of hard-edged abstract geometry — in color-field ...

Abdelal, Rawi. "Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy." In Handbook of International Political Economy, edited by Mark Blyth, 57–71. London: Routledge, 2009.

Developed early on in the Soviet era, and fully subordinate to Soviet ideology, the Constructivist movement was intended to form the foundations of a brave new world. The introduction of the Five-Year ...