Basal cell carcinoma has low immunogenicity. Tumor cells express Foxc1 protein (red), which suppresses HLA class I (green) in the tumor cells. Compromised antigen presentation ranks among the top ...

Liquid biopsy-based prediction of clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced biliary tract cancer. This is an ASCO Meeting Abstract from the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting I. This ...

A new discovery about how cells communicate with each other in the body’s immune system has revealed deeper insights for an international team of scientists into fundamental immune system function.

How does the gut cause Multiple Sclerosis? New research identifies the MHC II protein in intestinal epithelial cells as the trigger for MS-related neuroinflammation. Discover how gut-primed T cells ...

Invariant natural killer T cells have emerged as a potentially versatile allogeneic platform for blood cancer immunotherapy, ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

1. Antigen preparation: Scientists can produce cancer vaccines against tumors by using the patient’s tumor as a source of antigen or by synthesizing peptides from tumor antigens. 2. Antigen delivery: ...

VBI’s vaccine candidate is the only 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine, comprised of the S, pre-S1, and pre-S2 surface antigens of the hepatitis B virus, and is approved for use and commercially available ...